DETROIT
Detroit, ABD'nin en büyük 10. şehri ve Michigan eyaletinin en büyük şehridir. Şehirde bulunan büyük otomobil fabrikaları nedeniyle dünyanın otomotiv başkenti olarak anılır. Dolayısıyla dünyanın en büyük otomobil fuarı da burada yapılır.Turistik açıdan pek tercih edilmeyen bu şehir oldukça eski ve ürkütücü bir şehir merkezine sahiptir ve kışları çok sert geçer.Türkiyede görülmeyen bir yağış biçimi olan buz yağışı burada zaman zaman görülebilir.Şehir merkezinin etrafında daha çok zenci nüfus yaşar.Beyazlar ise şehrin daha dışlarındaki banliyolerde yaşarlar.Ülkenin en kuzeyinden en güneyine uzanan 75 numaralı otoyol Detroit den de geçmektedir.Şehirde toplu taşıma yok denecek kadar az pahalı ve kötü şartlarda yapılmaktadır.Şehrin en büyük eğitim merkezi Wayne State Üniversitesidir.
Şehri, NBA'de Detroit Pistons temsil eder.
DETROIT PEOPLE MOVER
DETROIT EMERGENCY HOSPITAL
WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITESI
FORD FIELD
DETROIT ISNTITUDE OF ART
FOX THEATRE
INDIAN VILLAGE
MICHIGAN SOLDIERS
Detroit (French: Détroit, meaning strait, pronounced [ is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the seat of Wayne County. Detroit is a major port city located north of Windso,Ontario, on the Detroit River, in the Midwest region of the United States It is known as the world's traditional automotive center and an important source of popular music, legacies celebrated by the city's two familiar nicknames, Motor City and Motown Founded in 1701 by the Frenchman Antoine de Cadillac, the city was called the Paris of the West in the late nineteenth century for its architecture. Other nicknames emerged in the twentietcenturyincluding Rock City, The D, D-Town, Hockeytown, and The 313 (its area code).
In 2005, Detroit ranked as the United States' eleventh most populous cit, with 886,675 residents. The name Detroit sometimes refers to the metro Detroit area, a sprawling region with a population of 4,468,966 for the Metropolitan Statistical Area and a population of 5,410,014 for the nine county Combined Statistical Area as of the 2006 Census Bureau estimates. The Windsor-Detroit area, a critical commercial link straddling the Canada-U.S. border, has a total population of about 6,000,000. Detroit's urbanized area population sat at 3,903,377 as of 2000, ranking it ninth largest in the United States.
Detroit is struggling with economic issues. In the 2000s, efforts to revitalized the center city.Many neighborhoods outside the central business district are, as of 2007, blighted.
The city's name comes from the Detroit River (in French Rivière du Détroit), meaning "River of the Strait," linking Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie.[8] Traveling up the Detroit River on the ship Le Griffon (owned by La Salle), Father Louis Hennepin noted the north bank of the river as an ideal location for a settlement. There, in 1701, the French officer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac founded a settlement called Fort Détroit, naming it after the comte de Pontchartrain, Minister of Marine under Louis XIV. Francois Marie Picoté, sieur de Belestre (Montreal 1719–1793) was the last French military commander at Fort Detroit (1758–1760), surrendering the fort on November 29, 1760 to the British.
During the French and Indian War (1760), British troops gained control and shortened the name to Detroit. Several tribes led by Chief Pontiac, an Ottawa leader, launched Pontiac's Rebellion (1763), including a siege of Fort Detroit. Partially in response to this, the British Royal Proclamation of 1763, included restrictions in unceded Indian territories. Detroit passed to the United States under the Jay Treaty (1796). In 1805, fire destroyed most of the settlement. A river warehouse and brick chimneys of the wooden homes were the sole structures to survive.[9] Detroit's city flag reflects this French heritage. (See Flag of Detroit, Michigan.)
From 1805 to 1847, Detroit was the capital of Michigan. As the city expanded, the street layout followed a plan developed by Augustus B. Woodward, Chief Justice of the Michigan Territory. Detroit fell to British troops during the War of 1812 in the Siege of Detroit, was recaptured by the United States in 1813 and incorporated as a city in 1815. Prior to the American Civil War, the city's access to the Canadian border made it a key stop along the underground railroad.[10]
Many Detroiters volunteered to fight during the American Civil War. Following the death of President Abraham Lincoln, George Armstrong Custer delivered a eulogy to the thousands gathered near Campus Martius Park. Custer led the Michigan Brigade during the American Civil War and called them the "Wolverines."[11]
Detroit's many Gilded Age mansions and buildings arose during the late 1800s. The city was referred to as the "Paris of the West" for its architecture.[12] Strategically located along the Great Lakes waterway, Detroit emerged as a transportation hub. The city had grown steadily from the 1830s with the rise of shipping, shipbuilding, and manufacturing industries. In 1896, a thriving carriage trade prompted Henry Ford to build his first automobile in a rented workshop on Mack Avenue, and in 1904, the Ford Motor Company was founded. Ford's manufacturing — and those of automotive pioneers William C. Durant, the Dodge brothers, and Walter Chrysler—reinforced Detroit's status as the world's automotive capital. The industry spurred the city's spectacular growth during the first half of the twentieth century as it drew many new residents, particularly workers from the Southern United States. Strained racial relations were evident in the trial of Dr. Ossian Sweet, a black Detroit physician acquitted of murder after he shot into a large mob when he moved from the all-black part of the city to an all-white area.[13] With the introduction of prohibition, the river was a major conduit for Canadian spirits, organized in large part by the notorious Purple Gang
With the factories came labor strife, climaxing in the 1930s when the United Auto Workers became involved in bitter disputes with Detroit's auto manufacturers. The labor activism of those years brought notoriety to hometown union leaders such as Jimmy Hoffa and Walter Reuther. The 1940s saw the construction of the world's first urban depressed freeway, the Davison[15] and the industrial growth during World War II that led to Detroit's nickname as the Arsenal of Democracy.[16] The city faced major challenges during the war as tens of thousands of workers migrated to the city to work in the war industries. Many of these migrant workers were blacks and whites from the U.S. south. Housing was almost impossible to find. The "color blind" promotion policies of the auto plants resulted in racial strife, and simmering racial tension erupted in a full-scale riot in 1943.[
With white flight to the suburbs, some of Detroit's inner-city neighborhoods endured a painful decline during the 1960s and 1970s which caused the city to be held up as a symbol of urban blight. The Twelfth Street riot in 1967 and court-ordered busing accelerated the white flight from the city. An extensive freeway system constructed in the 1950s and 1960s facilitated commuting. The percentage of black residents increased rapidly thereafter from white flight. The city's tax base began a steep decline as retailers and small business owners departed the city in the wake of the riots. Within a decade large numbers of buildings and homes were abandoned on the southeast side of the city, with many remaining for years in a state of decay. In 1973, the city elected its first black mayor, Coleman Young. Young's style during his record five terms in office was not well received by many whites.[18]
The gasoline crises of 1973 and 1979 shook the United States auto industry as small cars from foreign makers made inroads into the traditional dominance of the Big Three automakers. High-paying manufacturing jobs became scarce and acute heroin and crack cocaine epidemics afflicted the city with the help of Butch Jones, Maserati Rick, and the Chambers Brothers. Drug-related violence and property crimes rose steeply, and many abandoned homes were razed as they had become havens for drug dealers. Devil's Night, a Detroit-area tradition which occurs the night before Halloween, evolved from a night of pranks to a night of large-scale arson across the city. Sizable tracts have reverted to nature, becoming a form of urban prairie with wild animals spotted migrating into the city.[19] "Renaissance" has been a perennial buzzword among city leaders since the Twelfth Street riot, reinforced by the construction of the Renaissance Center in the late 1970s. In 1980, Detroit hosted the Republican National Convention which nominated Ronald Reagan to a successful bid for President of the United States.
In the 1990s, the city began to enjoy a revival, much of it centered downtown. In 1994, Comerica Tower with its postmodern architecture arose on the city skyline. From 1996 onwards, three casinos opened in Detroit: MGM Grand Detroit, Motor City Casino, and Greektown Casino. In 2000, Comerica Park replaced Tiger Stadium as the home of the Detroit Tigers,[20] and in 2002, Ford Field brought the NFL's Detroit Lions back into the city from Pontiac. New office construction increased in the city as PricewaterhouseCoopers opened its new offices in 2005 adjacent to Ford Field; other new office space was built surrounding the revitalized Campus Martius Park included the 2004 opening of Compuware World Headquarters and the 2006 opening of Ernst & Young's new offices at One Kennedy Square. The city hosted the 2005 MLB All-Star Game and Super Bowl XL in 2006, both of which prompted many improvements to the downtown area. Additionally, the first portions of the Detroit River Walk were laid down. In the summer of 2006, announcements came for the redevelopment of the Fort Shelby and Book-Cadillac Hotels. Also announced in 2007 was the Detroit River Days, a three day carnival that will be hosted on the riverfront leading up to the annual Target fireworks, which aims to bring around 1 million visitors to Detroit. Through such events it is hoped that Detroit would be revitalized.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 143.0 square miles (370.2 km²); of this, 138.8 square miles (359.4 km²) is land and 4.2 square miles (11 km²) is water. The highest elevation in Detroit is in the University District neighborhood in northwestern Detroit, just west of Palmer Park sitting at a height of 670 feet (204 m). Detroit's lowest elevation is along its riverfront, of course, sitting at a height of 579 feet (176 m). Detroit completely encircles the cities of Hamtramck and Highland Park. On its northeast border are the wealthy communities of Grosse Pointe. Oakland and Macomb counties lie to the north. Alter Road divides Detroit and Grosse Pointe Park; the neighborhood in this area of Detroit's east side is one of the most blighted in the city, whereas Grosse Pointe is a thriving, affluent suburb with multimillion dollar mansions within blocks of the border.
The city is crossed by three road systems: the original French template, radial avenues from a Washington, D.C.-inspired system, and true north–south roads from the Northwest Ordinance township system. It sits atop a large salt mine[21] and is north of Windsor, Ontario. Detroit is the only major city along the U.S.-Canadian border in which one travels south in order to cross into Canada. Detroit has four border crossings: the Ambassador Bridge and the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel provide motor vehicle thoroughfare; the Michigan Central Railway Tunnel provides railroad access to and from Canada. The fourth border crossing is the Detroit-Windsor Truck Ferry, located near the Windsor Salt Mine and Zug Island.
Detroit and the rest of southeastern Michigan have a typically Midwestern temperate seasonal climate, which is influenced by the Great Lakes. Winters are cold with moderate snowfall.[22] The earliest officially measurable snowfall in Detroit occurred on October 12, 2006. Winters are often cold but temperatures very rarely drop below 0°F (–17°C). Summer temperatures can typically exceed 90°F (32°C). Average monthly precipitation ranges from about two to four inches (50 to 100 mm). Snowfall, which typically occurs from November to early April, ranges from an average of 1 to 10 inches (3 to 25 cm) a month.[23] The highest recorded temperature was 103.0°F (39.0°C) on June 25, 1988, while the lowest recorded temperature was –17.0°F (–27.0°C) on January 19, 1994.
Detroit's waterfront panorama shows a variety of architectural styles. The past meets the present as the city's historic Art Deco skyscrapers blend with the post modern neogothic spires of the Comerica Tower at Detroit Center (1994). Together with the Renaissance Center, they form the city's marque. Examples of the Art Deco style include the Guardian Building and Penobscot Building downtown, as well as the Fisher Building and Cadillac Place in the New Center area near Wayne State University. Among the city's prominent structures are the nation's largest Fox Theatre, the Detroit Opera House, and the Detroit Institute of Arts.
While the downtown and New Center areas contain high-rise buildings, the majority of the surrounding city consists of low-rise structures and single-family homes. While Detroit's population density was often very high during it's peak population years, most Detroit neighborhoods feature single-family, detached homes. Usually these homes were built close enough together to create dense neighborhoods, but few neighborhoods compare in density to the vast neighborhoods of apartment buildings and rowhouses that one sees in east coast cities. The core regions of Detroit, namely, the Woodward corridor from downtown to north of New Center, contained the highest population densities (usually higher than 30,000 per square mile) during the city's peak, and today, many of the apartment buildings in these neighborhoods are being rehabilitated. The population in core regions of the city is, arguably, on the rise. The next census could provide promising data for the city.
Outside of the city's core, apartments and high-rises are found in neighborhoods such as the East Riverfront extending toward Grosse Pointe and the Palmer Park neighborhood just west of Woodward. Most of Detroit's neighborhoods were constructed prior to World War II, and feature the architecture of the times. Wood frame and simple brick houses in the working class neighborhoods, larger brick homes in vast middle class neighborhoods, and ornate mansions in neighborhoods built for the elite such as Brush Park, Woodbridge, Indian Village, Kategori: DETROIT | Yorum (0) Yorum yaz! Kalıcı Bağlantı
30/5/2007
LAS VEGAS
Las Vegas, ABD'nin Nevada eyaletinde bulunan kumar ve eğlence yerleriyle ünlü bir kentidir. Düz bir ovaya kurulmuş adeta bir çöl şehridir.
Las Vegas şehri eskiden denetimden yoksun bir mafya şehri olmuştur ancak günümüzde 1,5 milyona yaklasan nüfusuyla muhteşem ve bir o kadar da legal bir şehir halini almıştır. Las Vegas günümüzde dünyanın en pahalı oteli Wynn Hotel'e ev sahipliği yapmaktadır, Wynn Hotel'ın yanısıra değeri milyar doları aşmış birbirinden güzel onlarca hotel içindeki inanılmaz şovlar ve aktivitelerle turistler için her zaman gözde mekan olmuştur. Yaz ayları oldukça sıcak geçmekle birlikte, sıcaklığın yer yer 45 dereceyi geçtiği gözlenmekte ancak nem oranının düşük olması hissedilen ısının fazla etkili olmamasını sağlamaktadır. Bu nedenle Las Vegas'ı en iyi ziyaret etme zamanı eylül ayı ile mayıs ayı arasındaki aylardır.
Özellikle gösterişli kumarhaneleri ile dillere destan olmuş bir şehirdir. Işıkları ve fıskıyeleri hayalleri süsler.
Las Vegas otel ve kumarhaneleri genellikle dünyanın ünlü mimari eserlerinden esinlenerek tasarlanmıştır.
İtalyan tarzı dekore edilmiş Bellagio Oteli'nin hemen önündeki büyük havuz şovu ünlüdür. Otelin çok sayıdaki restoranlarında dünyanın en ünlü aşçıları görev yapmakta, sanat müzesinde Monet'in orijinal eserleri ziyaretçilere açık olarak sergilenmektedir. Bellagio'nun bir başka özelliği ise içindeki çiçek bahçesidir, bu görkemli bahçedeki çiçekler her ay yenilenmekte ve sezonuna göre değiştirilmektedir.
Bu otel yakın zamanlarda çekilen Ocean's Eleven ve Ocean's Twelve adlı macera filmlerine de mekan olmuştur. Bu filmlerde otelin gösterişli kumarhanesinin nasıl soyulduğu anlatılmaktadır.
Mimari olarak Atakule'ye benzeyen ve Atakule'den yaklaşık 2 kat daha yuksek olan Stratosphere Otel & Casino'sunun üstünde 4 eglence makinasi yer alır.
Newyork Newyork, New York'un ünlü binalarına benzer olarak inşa edilmiştir ve üzerindeki roller coaster'i meşhurdur.
Küçük bir çöl kasabası olan Las Vegas'ın nüfusu, 2.000'lerden 550.000'lere gelmiştir. Nüfus'un %69.86 sı beyaz, geri kalanı ise zenci ve sarı ırktandır. Ekonomisi büyük bir hızla gelişen şehrin nüfusu da aynı oranda artmaktadır.
Las Vegas en çok dünyaca ünlü kumarhaneleri ile bilinmektedir. Uzun süre kalmaya yerlisi olmayanların tahammül edemeyeceği bir atmosferi vardır. Las Vegas kumarhanelerinin tadını ve heyecanını evimize getiren ünlü online casino King Solomons'dur. 200'e yakın oyun ve 350$ Hoşgeldin Bonusu ile ilgi görmektedir.
Nevada eyaleti tüm Amerikan Birleşik Devletleri'nde kumarın ve fuhuşun yasal olduğu tek eyalettir. Ayrıca Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde mevcut olan en katı uyuşturucu yasalarına sahip olan eyaletlerden biridir.
Las Vegas kumarhaneleriyle ünlü bir eyalet olmasına rağmen ayrıca bir çok teknoloji şirketine de ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Bazı teknoloji şirketleri burada kurulmaktadır, bazıları ise Las Vegas'a taşınmaktadır.
Şehrin en büyük atraksiyonu olan kumarhaneler çoğunlukla şehrin downtown adıyla hitap edilen bölgesinde bulunmaktadır. Online oyun sektörüyle ilgili konferanslara ev sahipliği yapan şehir ışıltısı ve lüks otelleriyle de ünlüdür.
Las Vegas History 1829 to 1989
1829 - Discovered by Spanish explorers.
1855 - First settlement by Mormons in Las Vegas.
1905 - Town of Las Vegas established by auctioning of land.
1911 - The City of Las Vegas is incorporated.
1926 - First commercial airline flight, Western Airlines.
1931 - Hoover Dam construction begins in Black Canyon.
1931 - Gambling legalized in Nevada.
1935 - Hoover Dam dedicated by President Franklin Roosevelt.
1940 - Clark County population 16,414 (Las Vegas - 8,422).
1941 - El Rancho Vegas opens on the Strip. El Cortez Hotel opens in downtown Las Vegas. El Rancho destroyed by fire 19 years later.
1942 - Last Frontier Hotel opens. (Later called New Frontier and Frontier.)
1944 - The first Helldorado parade and rodeo is conducted.
1946 - Bugsy Siegel opens Flamingo Hotel. State levies first gaming taxes.
1950 - Clark County population 48,289. (Las Vegas - 24,624.)
1955 - Gaming control strengthened. Gaming Control Board created within the Nevada Tax Commission by the Legislature.
1959 - Las Vegas Convention Center opens. The Nevada Gaming Commission is created by the Legislature.
1960 - Clark County population 127,016. (Las Vegas - 64,405.)
1966 - Howard Hughes arrives to live at Desert Inn.
1967 - Nevada's legislature passes a law allowing publicly traded corporations to obtain gambling licenses. The law is refined in 1969.
1970 - Clark County population 273,288. (Las Vegas - 125,787.)
1975 - Nevada gaming revenues first crack $1 billion mark.
1977 - Clark County gaming revenues first crack $1 billion mark. The Nevada Legislature passes a foreign gaming law allowing Nevada -based casino owners to operate casinos outside Nevada's borders.
1980 - Clark County population hits 463,087 (Las Vegas - 164,674) as Las Vegas celebrates 75th birthday.
1981 - Las Vegas celebrates Golden Anniversary of Gaming.
1985 - First National Finals Rodeo held in Las Vegas.
1989 - Mirage opens November 22, with 3,039 rooms.
Las Vegas History 1990 to 1995
1990 - Clark County population 741,459. (Las Vegas - 258,295.)
1990 - Excalibur opens June 19, to date the world's largest resort hotel with 4,032 rooms.
1992 - First Las Vegas Bowl held at Silver Bowl.
1993 - Flamingo Hilton announces plans to raze Bugsy's suite and office.
1993 - Dunes Hotel sold to Steve Wynn's Mirage Inc.; the north tower and Dunes sign imploded October 27.
1993 - Money won by Nevada casinos tops the $6 billion mark for the first time.
1993 - ITT Sheraton Corp. purchases Desert Inn Hotel from Kirk Kerkorian's Tracinda Corp.
1993 - Dunes Hotel imploded October 27.
1993 - Grand Slam Canyon Adventuredome opens August 23.
1993 - Luxor Hotel opens October 15 with 2,526 rooms.
1993 - Treasure Island Hotel opens October 27 with 2,900 rooms.
1993 - MGM Grand Hotel and Theme Park opens December 18, with 5,005 rooms and a 171,500- square-foot casino; to date the largest resort hotel-casino in the world.
1993 - Nevada Legislature passes enabling legislation for financing of "The Fremont Street Experience."
1994 - Buffalo Bill's in Primm and Boulder Station Casino on Boulder Highway in Las Vegas open.
1994 - Plans to construct New York-New York Hotel Casino at the intersection of the Strip and Tropicana Avenue announced jointly by MGM Grand and Primadonna Resorts.
1994 - Work begins on Fremont Street Experience. Downtown Fremont Street is permanently closed to automobile traffic on September 7.
1994 - The first scheduled Condor charter flight to Las Vegas from Cologne, Germany, lands November 7 at McCarran International Airport.
1994 - Sam's Town on Boulder Highway expands with the opening of a 650-room tower and lush, plant-filled atrium.
1994 - A 300-room hotel-casino named Boomtown opens on Blue Diamond Road at I-15.
1994 - Four skywalks are built over the intersection of Tropicana Boulevard and the Las Vegas Strip.
1994 - McCarran opens Interstate 15-airport connector road system that tunnels under the east-west runways.
1994 - The Fiesta, the first hotel-casino in North Las Vegas, opens with 100 rooms.
1995 - Vegas World closes its doors February 1 for work on a casino complex and the Stratosphere Tower.
1995 - The first Hard Rock Hotel opens March 10.
1995 - $25 million monorail begins running between MGM Grand and Bally's hotel-casinos on June 14.
1995 - Bill Bennett retires from Circus Circus Enterprises, then buys the Sahara Hotel-Casino from Paul and Sue Lowden.
1995 - ITT Corp. buys Caesars World Inc. for $1.7 billion, including Caesars Palace on the Las Vegas Strip.
1995 - Construction begins on Steve Wynn's 46-story, $1.7 billion 3,000-room Bellagio, located at the intersection of Flamingo Road and the Las Vegas Strip.
1995 - Circus Circus Enterprises buys Hacienda and surrounding 100 acres.
1995 - The face of downtown Las Vegas changes forever with the December 13 opening of the $70 million Fremont Street Experience.
1995 - Las Vegas reports a 29 million visitor volume for the year. Statewide gross gaming revenue surpasses $7.3 billion. Clark County produced $5.7 billion of the state's gaming revenue total.
1995 - Landmark Hotel imploded November 7.
Las Vegas History 1996 to 1999
1996 - Ground breaking ceremonies for Las Vegas Hilton's "Star Trek: The Experience" held on January 24.
1996 - The $13 million Las Vegas Strip beautification project, in which 76,000 palms, shrubs, flowering foliage and ground covers were planted, is finished in March.
1996 - Wayne Newton celebrates 25,000th Las Vegas performance. Siegfried and Roy celebrate 15,000th Las Vegas performance.
1996 - Work is completed on the Desert Inn Road arterial, creating the first tunnel under the Las Vegas Strip.
1996 - Stratosphere Tower, the tallest free-standing observation tower in the U.S. and the tallest structure west of the Mississippi River, opens April 30.
1996 - Hilton Hotels Corp. purchases Bally's Entertainment Corp., parent company of Bally's hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip for $3 billion.
1996 - Caesars Magical Empire, a multimillion dollar dining and entertainment complex opens in Caesars Palace June 18.
1996 - Monte Carlo, a joint venture between Circus Circus Enterprises Inc. and Mirage Resorts Inc. opens June 21.
1996 - The $72 million, 1,100-acre Las Vegas Motor Speedway with tracks for drag, stock car and formula car races opens in September.
1996 - Clark County Commission grants building permits for the $500 million, 2,900-room Paris Casino Resort on the Las Vegas Strip.
1996 - Hyatt Hotel Corp. announces plans to build a 500-room hotel on the shores of Lake Las Vegas
1996 - Circus Circus Enterprises announces a joint venture with Four Seasons Regent to build a 400-room, five star non-gaming hotel on the Las Vegas Strip.
1996 - The Sands Hotel, after 44 years of continuous operation, is closed June 30 by owner Sheldon Adelson who announces plans to build a 6,000-room megaresort on the Las Vegas Strip site. Sands tower imploded November 26.
1996 - Flamingo Hilton celebrates 50th anniversary. Caesars Palace celebrates 30th anniversary.
1996 - State Line, NV, at the Southern Nevada-California border, is renamed Primm in honor of the community's founder Ernest Primm.
1996 - Ground breaking held for 3,000-room Planet Hollywood Hotel Casino adjacent to The Desert Inn at Sands Avenue and the Las Vegas Strip. Construction on the joint venture between ITT Corp. and Planet Hollywood was never started.
1996 - Circus Circus implodes Hacienda Hotel Casino December 31 to make way for megaresort.
1996 - 29.6 million people visit Las Vegas in 1996; state gross gaming revenue totals $7.45 billion, and Clark County population hits 1.1 million.
1997 - The Tropicana Hotel on the Las Vegas Strip celebrates its 40th anniversary.
1997 - New York-New York Hotel Casino opens on the Las Vegas Strip January 3. More than 100,000 people a day visit the new resort during the casino's first days in operation.
1997 - Hilton Hotels Corp. makes a $10.5 billion hostile takeover move on January 28 against ITT Corp., which resists the bid. ITT shareholders reject Hilton takeover in favor of a more lucrative offer by Starwood Lodging. The deal involves ownership of Caesars Place and The Desert Inn on the Las Vegas Strip.
1997 - The 6,945-yard, par 71 Lakes Course opens February 7, the first golf course located in Primm, NV.
1997 - Sheldon Adelson breaks ground in April to build the 6,000-suite, $1.8 billion Venetian Hotel and Resort on the grounds of the original Sands Hotel on the Las Vegas Strip.
1997 - Steve Wynn, builder of Las Vegas Strip megaresorts, calls for a "go slow" approach to future expansion in Las Vegas.
1997 - The U.S. Air Force celebrates its 50th anniversary in an unequaled display of military aviation might attended by 80 foreign, high-ranking NATO and Pacific Air command officials, and 300,000 spectators.
1997 - Coca Cola Co. opens its World of Coca Cola® store in the Showcase Mall marked by a 100-foot-tall glass Coca Cola bottle.
1997 - The first non-stop scheduled commercial flight from Frankfurt-Mein International Airport in Germany lands May 7 with 215 passengers at McCarran International Airport.
1997 - Sunset Station Hotel-Casino opens June 10.
1997 - Players Island Resort Hotel and Spa in Mesquite is purchased by Virgin River Casino and renamed CasaBlanca on July 1.
1997 - The Forum Shops at Caesars on August 29 opened 35 new shops, stores and restaurants in a 276,000-square-foot expansion. Growth doubles the size of the upscale shopping mall adjacent to Caesars Palace on the Las Vegas Strip.
1997 - The Aladdin Hotel closes on the Las Vegas Strip November 25 making way for a $1.2 billion gambling and hotel complex. Plans call for development of a Middle East-theme shopping center, a 2,600-room hotel as well as a joint venture with Planet Hollywood Inc. for development of a neighboring $250 million, 2,000-room music-theme resort. Planet Hollywood drops out of the deal in 1998.
1997 - The Desert Inn Hotel Casino completes $200 million renovation and expansion.
1997 - wners change the name of the Boomtown Hotel Casino to Silverton after Majestic Realty Co. takes control of the struggling resort from Boomtown Inc.
1997 - Harley Davidson Cafe opens on the Las Vegas Strip, continuing the theme restaurant proliferation.
1997 - Caesars Palace opens new tower in December.
1997 - Harrah's Entertainment Inc. buys Showboat Inc. in a $1.154 billion deal.
1997 - The Frontier Hotel, owned by the Elardi family, is sold to Phil Ruffin, a Kansas industrialist, for $165 million.
1997 - Rio All-Suite Hotel and Casino opens Masquerade Village and new 41-story, 1,025-room tower giving the resort a total of 2,556 suites.
1997 - Alan Paulson, California entrepreneur, buys the Gold River Casino/Hotel in Laughlin. The property is renamed River Palms Resort.
1998 - "Star Trek: The Experience" opens January 4 at the Las Vegas Hilton.
1998 - Circus Circus officials announce that Mandalay Bay will be the name of the company's new resort at the Strip and Russell Road. The hotel's working name was Project Paradise.
1998 - Starwood Hotels & Resorts buys ITT Corp. for $14.6 billion. The purchase includes acquisition of Caesars Palace and The Desert Inn hotel/casinos on the Las Vegas Strip.
1998 - Eagle Canyon Airlines buys Las Vegas-based Scenic Airlines.
1998 - The Aladdin Hotel is imploded on April 27.
1998 - Northwest Airlines inaugurates non-stop service June 1 from Tokyo to Las Vegas.
1998 - Japan Airlines inaugurates non-stop service October 2 from Tokyo to Las Vegas.
1998 - Koren Airlines makes history in August with three non-stop charter flights from Seoul, Korea, to Las Vegas.
1998 - Country Star restaurant on the Strip is acquired by Mirage Resorts Inc. and closes.
1998 - Bellagio, billed as the most expensive hotel in the world ($1.7 billion) opens October 15 on the Las Vegas Strip and initiates a policy barring persons under 18 years of age who are not registered guests of the hotel.
1998 - Las Vegas Convention Center opens an expansion, boosting its total space to 1.9 million square feet.
1998 - The Debbie Reynolds hotel-casino, a half block east of the Las Vegas Strip on Convention Center Drive, is sold at public auction August 5 to the World Wresting Federation for $9.27 million.
1998 - The Las Vegas Motor Speedway is sold in December by founders Bill Bennett and Ralph Englestad to North Carolina -based Speedway Motorsports Inc., headed by O. Bruton Smith, for $215 million.
1998 - Proposition 5 is passed by California voters in November, opening the door for casino-style gambling on American Indian reservations.
1998 - A 66-year-old Las Vegas resident hits a $27.58 million progressive Megabucks jackpot November 15 at the Palace Station Hotel Casino.
1998 - The D gates open at McCarran International Airport.
1998 - Annual gross gaming revenue in Nevada hits the $8.1 billion mark.
1998 - Annual number of visitors to Las Vegas totals 30.6 million people.
1998 - On December 31, Hilton Hotels Corp. spins off its gaming division to Park Place Entertainment Corp., including the Las Vegas Hilton, Flamingo Hilton, Bally's and Paris Las Vegas on the Strip
1999 - Harrah's Entertainment Inc. purchases the Rio Hotel-Casino Inc. for $888 million, Jan. 1.
1999 - MGM Grand Inc. buys Primadonna Resorts Inc., taking 100 percent ownership of New York-New York Hotel-Casino on the Las Vegas Strip and Whiskey Pete's, Buffalo Bill's and Primm Valley Resort & Casino in Primm, NV, March 1.
1999 - Mandalay Bay Resort opens March 2 with 3,300 rooms.
1999 - Four Seasons Hotel opens March 2 with 424 rooms.
1999 - Japan Airlines adds a fourth nonstop flight per week in April from Tokyo to Las Vegas.
1999 - Phase I of the Venetian Resort-Hotel-Casino opens May 3 with 3,036 suites.
1999 - The Las Vegas Convention Center celebrates its 40th birthday.
1999 - Circus Circus Enterprises changes its name to Mandalay Resort Group.
1999 - The Resort at Summerlin opens July 15.
1999 - Paris Las Vegas Casino Resort opens September 1.
1999 - Barbra Streisand, Bette Midler, Rod Stewart, Elton John, Tina Turner, Wayne Newton and Don Rickles are among the many entertainers booked by Las Vegas resorts to ring in the new century.
Las Vegas History 2000 to Today
2000 - A $3 billion deal closes to sell Caesars World Inc., including Caesars Palace on the Las Vegas Strip, to Park Place Entertainment.
2000 - The Resort at Summerlin changes its name to The Regent Las Vegas.
2000 - MGM Grand Inc. announces the purchase of Mirage Resorts Inc., creating the largest corporate buyout in gaming history.
2000 - Station Casinos plans a $55 million expansion for its Texas Station in North Las Vegas.
2000 - The Clark County Department of Aviation unveils $1 billion plan for expansion and renovation of McCarran International Airport.
2000 - The Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority awards a $113 million contract to PCL Construction Services to expand the Las Vegas Convention Center.
2000 - The two largest carriers to the Las Vegas market-Southwest Airlines and America West-add 2,762 seats.
2000 - Construction begins on Station Casinos' latest hotel-casino, Green Valley Ranch.
2000 - Virgin Atlantic Airways begins first regular flights from England to Las Vegas.
2000 - Station Casinos purchases the Santa Fe hotel-casino for $205 million.
2000 - The Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority opens an affiliate office in Sydney, Australia.
2000 - Caesars Palace announces plans to build a third hotel tower.
2001 - The Orleans plans $100 million expansion that will include the addition of a 620-room hotel tower, a 9,000-seat arena and a 40,000-square-foot casino.
2001 - Aloha Airlines announces daily round trips to Las Vegas from Honolulu and Maui.
2001 - Mandalay Resort Group announces plans to add a 1.8-million-square-foot convention center to Mandalay Bay.
2001 - ESPN Regional assumes ownership of the Las Vegas Bowl from the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority.
2002 - NEONOPOLIS entertainment center opens downtown at the Fremont Street Experience.
2002 - JetBlue Airways announces daily service from Las Vegas to Long Beach.
2002 - For the first time, La Cumbre, the world's largest trade show promoting travel to the United States among residents of the Caribbean, Mexico, and Central and South America, comes to Las Vegas.
2002 - Wynn Resorts goes public with IPO for $1.85 billion megaresort, Le Rêve.
2003 - The $105 million '40s themed property, The Cannery, opens its doors.
2003 - The Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority debuts its new advertising campaign, "Vegas Stories" with the tagline, "What Happens Here, Stays Here."
2003 - America West increases its number of daily trips between Las Vegas and Denver, Phoenix, San Diego, San Jose, Calif., and San Francisco.
2003 - The Stratosphere releases plans for its latest thrill ride, a teeter-totter like device situated nearly 900 feet above Las Vegas Boulevard, aptly called X Scream.
2003 - Steve Wynn changes the name for Las Vegas' newest megaresort from Le Rêve to Wynn Las Vegas.
2003 - Las Vegas Premium Outlets open in downtown Las Vegas.
2003 - The Fashion Show mall completes a $1 billion expansion, including a towering outdoor multimedia platform called, "The Cloud."
2003 - McCarran International Airport introduces new electronic ticketing kiosk system.
2003 - Mandalay Bay opens new 1,120-suite tower, THEhotel.
2004 - Park Place Entertainment Corp. officially changes its name to Caesars Entertainment.
2004 - Harrah's Entertainment purchases Binion's Horseshoe.
2004 - Boyd Gaming Corporation merges with Coast Resorts.
2004 - Mergers abound in Las Vegas. MGM MIRAGE announces plans to purchase the Mandalay Resort Group. One month later, Harrah's Entertainment announces its plans to purchase Caesars Entertainment.
2004 - The Strip dims its lights for President Ronald Reagan's passing. Other dignitaries to receive such a remembrance upon their passing have included President John F. Kennedy; Rat Pack members Sammy Davis, Jr., Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin; and George Burns.
2004 - The Las Vegas Hilton is sold to Colony Resorts for $280 million.
2004 - The Las Vegas Monorail, a $654 million mass transit system, opens to the public.
2004 - Las Vegas Sands releases new details about its planned $1.6 billion Palazzo casino resort on the Strip.
2005 - Las Vegas celebrates is Centennial year throughout 2005, beginning with the New Year's fireworks display. Las Vegas will celebrate its 100th birthday on May 15, 2005, with the world's largest birthday cake and a recreation of the 1905 land auction that started the Las Vegas community as we know it today.
2005 - Wynn Las Vegas, the destination's newest megaresort, opens April 28, 2005.
2005 - Visitor volume for 2004 breaks tourism records with 37.4 million.
2005 - Wynn Las Vegas opens April 28, 2005. At $2.7 billion, the resort becomes the most expensive hotel and casino in the world.
2005 - "Condomania" hits Las Vegas. A multitude of developers ranging from Donald Trump to MGM MIRAGE announce plans for high-rise luxury condominium projects. By 2010, 10,000 to 15,000 condominium-hotel units are expected to be added to the current room inventory.
2005 - Las Vegas Sands breaks ground for The Palazzo, a $1.6 billion, 3,000-room resort adjacent to The Venetian.
2005 - MGM MIRAGE announces Project CityCenter, an "urban metropolis" with 4,000 hotel rooms and 1,650 condominium units. Project CityCenter will cost nearly $5 billion, making it the largest privately funded project in the United States.
2005 - Houston-based Landry's Restaurants takes over downtown's largest casino, the Golden Nugget.
2005 - The National Basketball Association selects Las Vegas as the host for the 2007 All-Star game. This will be the first time this high-profile sporting event is held in a city without an NBA team.
2005 - Megamergers galore in 2005. In June, MGM MIRAGE and Mandalay Resort Group complete its $7.9 billion merger. One month later, Harrah's Entertainment buys Caesars Entertainment for $9.4 billion, making it the largest casino company.
2005 - The destination's tagline, "What Happens Here, Stays Here" firmly cements itself into the American lexicon. The wildly popular phrase is included in countless television shows such as First Lady Laura Bush's interview on "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno" and Billy Crystal's opening monologue during "The Academy Awards."
2006 - Boyd Gaming Corp. announces Echelon Place, a $4 billion development project. The 5,300-room resort will be located on the 63-acre site now occupied by the Stardust.
2006 - The Castaways, the property formerly known as The Showboat, is imploded. Within 18 seconds, the 19-story hotel is reduced to a 20,000-ton pile of rubble.
2006 - Cirque du Soleil opens its fifth resident show, ' Love' at The Mirage, replacing long-time Las Vegas magicians, Siegfried & Roy. The show is based on The Beatles music.
28/5/2007
ZURICH
Resmi diller İtalyanca, Almanca, Fransızca'dır. Sağlık ile ilgili detaylar : Genel bir sağlık problemi yoktur; çeşme suları klorludur. Lombachweg, 33 3006-Beme. Tel: 31 351 1691 İsviçre'nin en önemli metropollerinden olan Zürih kenti adını şehri boydan boya sarmalayan Zürih Gölü'nden alır. Bu göl üzerinde birbirinden hoş fotoğraf kareleri yakalayabileceğiniz sayısız köprü ile karşılaşırsınız. Zürih 19. yüzyıldan itibaren ünü sınırlarının ötesine taşan bir zenginlikle tüm Avrupa'nın finans ve iş merkezi halini almıştır. Şehre adımınızı attığınız ilk andan itibaren bu atmosferle karşılaşıyorsunuz. Baktığınız her yerde bankalar ve cep telefonlarıyla iş bitiren brokerlar oluyor. Göl kıyısından ayrılıp sağdan yol ayrımını takip ede ede kentin alış-veriş merkezi BAHNHOFSTRASSE'ye ulaşmak mümkün. Burası alışverişkolikler için adeta bir cennet. Gucci'den Jemoli'ye pek çok mağaza ve seçenek birarada. Ancak bu çeşitliliğe ve üst düzey rekabete rağmen fiyatlar da hayli yüksek. Zengin bir ülke olması İsviçre'nin turizm politikalarına da bir nebze sekte vurmuş bana kalırsa. Çünkü turistlere ilişkin aktivitelerin sayısı yok denecek kadar az. Ana meydanda bulunan GROSSMUNSTER Kilisesi ve FRAUMUNSTER dışında pek fazla tarihi mekan da bulunmuyor ne yazık ki. Ancak Fraumünster'in 1970'de CHAGALL tarafından renklendirilen camları gerçekten ilgi çekici. Şayet Zürih'de güzel bir alışveriş turu yapmayı tercih edip yorulduysanız o zaman ZEUGHAUSKELLER'e uğrayıp kendinize bir ziyefet çekin... Yemekleri ve dekorasyonu son derece geleneksel ama müşteriler de bir o kadar enternasyonal. Dört büyük ahşap ayak üstüne oturtulmuş şatovari bir atmosferi var. Duvarlarda geçmişten bugüne kullanılmış savaş aletlerini görmek mümkün. Buraya son yıllarda eklenen "top" ise ortamda fazlasıyla sırıtmış ve atmosferin eskiliğine sekte vurmuş. Geleneksel İsviçre Mutfağı'ndan örnek tatlar için, BURGERMEISTER SCHWERT (kılıçta süt danası ve özel sos) ya da BRATWURST denenebilir. Vejetaryansanız Fransız soslu karışık salata tercih edebilirsiniz. Ayrıca küf peyniri ile servis edilen patates (GNOCCI) de bir başka seçenek. Vaktiniz az ve hem kenti görüp hem yemek mi yemeniz gerekiyor. O zaman 19:00'da kalkan tramvayı yakalayın. Bu tramvay hem leziz yemekler hem de eğlenceli bir şehir turuyla gecenize renk katacak! Hafta içi 17:00'den sonra ve Pazar'ları sabahtan akşama yaya trafiğin olmadığı bu şehir sizler tarafından keşfedilmeyi bekliyor. GEZginden: "Bir gün uçmayı öğrenecek kişi önce ayakta durmayı, yürümeyi ve dans etmeyi öğrenmelidir. Kimse durup dururken UÇAMAZZZ!!!"
Para Birimi
:
İsviçre Frangı
Konuşulan Diller:
Uçuş Süresi:
3 saat
Saat Farkı:
1 saat geri
İklim-Sıcaklık : Yazları genelde ılık ve güneşlidir.Yükseklere çıktıkça hava soğur. Kışın ise hava soğuktur.Yazları ve kışları Föhn adındaki , Alp'lerden esen rüzgarın etkisi altındadır. Her şeye rağmen Akdeniz ikliminin özellikleri görülür. Yaz ortalama sıcakl k. 19-24 c' / K º Ortalama S cakl k: -2-11 c'
Giyim : Gideceğiniz döneme göre mevsimlik giysiler tavsiye edilir.
TÜRK KONSOLOSLUKLARI
Türk Konsolosluğu :
ÖNEMLİ TELEFONLAR
Ülke Kodu:
41
Zürih Havalimanı:
1 816 2211
Turist Ofisi:
Bahnhofplatz 15 Geneva, Tel: 1 211 4000
Polis:
117
Ambulans:
144
American Express:
Bahnhofstr. 20 Zurich, Tel: 1 211 8370
Türkiye'ye Telefon Nasıl Açılır?:
00+90+alan kodu+telefon numarası
Cep telefonlar çalışmaktadır.
DİĞER BİLGİLER
Bankalar:
Bankalar: Hafta içi her gün 08:30-16:30.
Müzeler:
Bölgeye göre saatleri değişmektedir. çoğu pazartesi günleri kapalıdır.
Dükkanlar:
Pazar hariç 08:00-12:00 / 13:30-18:30. Bazı Dükkanlar cumartesi günleri 16:00'da kapayıp, pazartesi öğlene kadar açmazlar. Voltaj Düzeyi: 220 Volt, ancak prizleri üçlü bu nedenle otellerde adaptör veriyorlar.
Voltaj Düzeyi:
220 Volt.
KDV:
% 6.5 oranında vergi uygulaması vardır. Eğer bir dükkandan 500 sf üstünde alışveriş yaparsanız; iadenizi hemen o dükkandan isteyebilir, dükkan daha sonra adresinize göndertebilir veya gümrükte alabilirsiniz.
Bahşiş:
Her ne kadar %15 oranında servis ücreti hesaba eklense de kişi başı 2 sf bırakılır.
Yine de genellikle tüm Avrupa kentlerinde rastladığımız "oturmuş şehir" imajı Zürih için de geçerli. Kenti dolaşmaya başlamak igin kendinize bir ana üs edinmeniz de fayda var, bu sayede kaybolma sorununuz olmaz. Bu iş için STADELHOFFEN biçilmiş kaftan. Özellikle trenle ulaşım sağlayanlar için bu istasyon en iyi güzergah. Buradan Zürih'in ana meydanına, yani göl kıyısına ulaşmanız yalnızca beş dakika. Ulaşım için bir diğer pratik önerim de kendinize bir "NINE-UHR PASS" edinmeniz. Bizim akbillere benzeyen bu bilet sayesinde sabah dokuzdan ertesi sabah dokuza kadar gemi hariç tüm vasıtaları kullanabiliyorsunuz. Nine uhr pass'ı bindiğiniz herhangi bir vasıtadan temin edebilirsiniz.
İsviçre'de iklim oldukça sert. Bu durum insanları son derece mükemmelliyetçi ve kuralcı hale getirmiş. Herşeye rağmen güneşli günlerin de sayısı hiç az değil. Eğer şansınız yaver gitti de hava açtıysa o zaman limandan kalkan gemi turları ile RAPPERSWILL'e kadar gidip keyifli bir gün geçirebilirsiniz.
Rapperswill bana Ortaköy'ü anımsattı. Bizdeki el tezgahları yerine burada ufacık şirin dükkancıklar var. O kadar rengarenk ve süslüler ki, vitrinlere takılıp kalıveriyor insan. Sahilde yanyana uzanan kafeler güneşli günlerde dolup dolup boşalıyor.
Bir başka gezi seçeneği ise PFAFFIKONESEE... Eğer ördeklere yem atarak sessizliğin sesinde kaybolmak istiyorsanız burası tam aradığınız yer!
Zürih (Almanca: Zürich, İsviçre Almancası: Züri) İsviçre'nin en büyük kenti, ve ayrıca Zürih kantonu en çok nüfusu olan kantondur. (Nüfus: 366,809 (2005); Alanı: 91.88 km²). Zürih İsviçre’nin ticaret başkenti ve kozmopolit iki şehrinden biridir. (Diğeri Cenevre). FIFA merkezi Zürih’te bulunur. Zürih adının kökeni Kelt kelimesi Turus’tan gelmektedir. 2. yüzyıldaki Roma işgalinde şehir Turicum diye adlandırılmıştır. Günümüz İsviçre Almancası’nda Züri [tsüri] diye telaffuz edilir.
Synonymous with international banking, Zurich (Zürich or, more familiarly, Züri) has a financial and cultural importance that belies its modest size. The largest city in Switzerland, Zurich promotes itself as ‘Downtown Switzerland'. The historic centre is compact enough to be explored on foot.
Zurich is located at the centre of the Zurich canton, on Switzerland's central plain, with the elevation rising towards the south and the Alps. Positioned at the northern tip of the Zürichsee (Lake Zurich), lakeside promenades and expensive houses are prominent and can be spotted along both shores. The city's most familiar sites are, without a doubt, the Fraumünster and Grossmünster churches, which solemnly face each other across the River Limmat. The Old Town spans this river, and some of the most interesting lanes and buildings are clustered along its banks. The nearby Lindenhof was once the site of a Roman customs post and is a good vantage point. Surrounding the Old Town, the Kreis (districts) of Zurich are arranged clockwise around the city centre, with the numbers corresponding to the last digit in the postcode. In summer, the view of the city is beautiful, with the lake reflecting the mountains and clear blue sky. The winter snowfalls bring a magic of their own.
Zurich dates its origins from 15BC, when the Roman customs post of Turicum was founded. By the 10th century, the town had acquired the status of a city. It was at the centre of the Swiss religious Reformation in the 16th century, under the leadership of Huldrych Zwingli. His motto ‘pray and work' was to have a profound effect on this diligent city, which, by the 19th century, had grown into the commercial and financial centre of Switzerland. The modern Zurich is a city of bankers in a country of banks. This concentration of wealth can most readily be seen along the Bahnhofstrasse, flanked by lime trees. All the major banks have a presence here, notably at the Paradeplatz, where elegant shops and designer boutiques line the street, interspersed with trendy bars and attractive cafés, stretching from the Hauptbahnhof right down to Lake Zurich.
Other riches lie in the city's excellent universities - Zurich is a powerhouse for research, with public-private partnerships leading to innovations both in design and the high-tech sector. The exceptional infrastructure and delightful atmosphere have ensured Zurich's role as a major conference and incentive destination. The city also has a strong cultural presence - over 30 museums, art galleries, auction houses, the opera, orchestras and the Schauspielhaus theatre, as well as a number of performance spaces that encourage contemporary artists in all media.
Zurich ranks among the cities with the highest standard of living in the world. (In one particular ranking, it was top of the list every year from 2001 to 2006.) The high standard of living is evident in the many fashionable and enjoyable bars, cafés and restaurants that fill the Old Town. The ambience is heightened by the large swathes on either side of the River Limmat that are pedestrian-only areas. For those who find the comfortable burgher lifestyle a little too tame, there are always alternative places to seek out. This is, after all, the city that saw the birth of the artistic movement of Dadaism - the antithesis of conformity.
28/5/2007
ZAGREB
Zagreb, Hırvatistan'ın başkenti ve en yüksek nufüsa sahip şehridir. Zagreb'in 1 milyonun üzerinde olan nufüsunda 2001 verilerine göre yüzde 91.94 ile Hırvat çoğunluğu hakimdir. Zagreb'de dört mevsim yaşanır. Kışları ortalama sıcaklık 1 C°, yazları ise 20 C° dir.
Trg kralja Tomislava Hrvatsko narodno kazalište Bogovićeva ulica Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica Pogled sa Sljemena MimarlıkKardeş Şehirler
Mainz, Almanya (1967)
St. Petersburg, Rusya (1968)
Tromsø, Norveç (1971)
Kyoto, Japonya (1972)
Kraków, Polonya (1975)
Lizbon, Portekiz (1977)
Pittsburgh, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (1980)
Şangay, Çin (1980)
Budapeşte, Macaristan (1994)
Viyana, Avusturya (1994)
Saraybosna, Bosna Hersek (2001)
Ljubljana, Slovenya (2001)Resimler
Central European in appearance and spirit, Zagreb bears the hallmark of centuries spent under Vienna and Budapest, as opposed to Mediterranean ambience of the coastal towns, which were under Venice. The capital of Croatia, with almost 1 million inhabitants (a quarter of the nation), Zagreb is the country's economic, industrial and administrative powerhouse.
The city was founded in the Middle Ages as two separate but neighbouring settlements, Kaptol and Gradec, which today make up Gornji Grad (Upper Town). Kaptol was a religious centre, built around the cathedral, while Gradec was the home to craftsmen and merchants who supplied the needs of the Kaptol clergy. Although relations between the two were strained, outsiders saw them as a single town, which they referred to as Zagreb (meaning 'behind the hill').
In 1557, the settlement became Croatia's capital, with the parliament meeting alternately in Gradec and Kaptol. It was not until 1850 that the two parts were united to become the city of Zagreb. The second half of the 19th century saw a period of economic and cultural development, with the arrival of the railway and the construction of Donji Grad (Lower Town). Under Yugoslavia, industrialization brought migrant workers from neighbouring republics and the high-rise suburbs developed.
During the war of independence, Zagreb saw little fighting, though the Croatian Parliament was hit by a rocket in 1991. However, the economic and social consequences, with industrial collapse, an influx of refugees, plus political corruption, took their toll.
Today, despite unfulfilled requests from The Hague to hand over war criminals, Zagreb is working towards EU membership, which could be achieved as early as 2009.
28/5/2007
VIENNA
Viyana Avusturya'nın başkenti ve en büyük şehri, aynı zamanda ülkenin 9 eyaletinden yüzölçümü bakımından en küçüğü. Yaklaşık 1.650.000 nüfusuyla ülkenin en kalabalık kentidir, çevre ilçeleriyle birlikte Viyana'da yaklaşık iki milyon insan yaşar, ki bu da Avusturya nüfusunun yaklaşık dörtte biridir. Nüfus bakımından Viyana Avrupa Birliği'nin en büyük onuncu kentidir. Birleşmiş Milletler bürosuyla Viyana Birleşmiş Milletlerin dört resmi merkez temsilciliğinden birine sahiptir. Kentte bulunan diğer önemli uluslararası kuruluşlar OPEC, AGİT ve Uluslararası Atom Enerjisi Örgütü'dür (IAEO). Yüzyıllar boyu Habsburg hanedanının yerleşim yeri olan kent, bu süre boyunca Avrupa'nın kültürel ve politik merkezlerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Kent Londra, New York ve Paris'ten sonra iki milyon nüfusuyla dünyanın en büyük dördüncü kentiyken, Birinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında nüfusunun dörtte birini kaybetmiştir. Hala daha Habsburg hanedanının izlerini taşıyan eski kent merkezi ve Schönbrunn Sarayı Avusturya devletinin başvurusu üzerine UNESCO tarafından dünya kültür mirası olarak kabul edilmiştir. Viyana'nın sembolü olan St. Stephan Katedrali şehrin merkezinde bulunur. Viyana, müzelerinin ve operalarının yanı sıra kahve kültürü ve lezzetli kekleri ile ünlüdür. Kekleri ve kahveleri denemek için birkaç cafe; Viyana Alışveriş16, Brunnungasse U6 Josefstädter Strasse Pazartesi-Cuma:06:00-17:00 Cumartesi:07:00-14:00 Özellikle Balkan/Türk ürünlerini kolaylıkla bulabileceğiniz çok renkli bir alışveriş merkezi. Buranın en büyük avantajı yorulduğunuzda aynı cadde üzerinde bulunan Club International'ın terasında bir kahve içebilir ya da acıktığınızda çok beğeneceğiniz kebap salonlarının birinde yemek molası verebilirsiniz. 4, Linke und Rechte Wienzeile U1, U2, U4 Karlplatz. Pazartesi-Cumartesi: 06:00-17:00. Viyana'nın taze meyve ve sebze bulabileceğiniz çok ünlü marketlerinden biri. Bu pazar özellikle Cumartesi günleri çok kalabalık oluyor. Burada ayrıca birçok lokanta ve café ve Çinli ve Hintli mağazalar bulabilirsiniz. 1, Kaerntner Strasse 19 Tel: 523 1756 U1, u3 Stephansplatz. Pazartesi-Cuma: 09:30-19:00 Cumartesi:09:30-17:00 Kredi kartları:AmEx, DC, JCB, MC, V. Birkaç kattan oluşan mağazada DKNY'den Ralph Lauren'e kadar birçok farklı markaya rastlayabilirsiniz. Ayrıca içerde bir İtalyan restoranı, internet kafe ve kitapçı dükkanı bulunuyor. 7,Mariahilfer Strare 38-40 Tel:52 180-0 U3 Neubaugasse Pazartesi-Cuma: 9.30-19:00 Cumartesi:9:00-17:00 Beş katlı mağazada sushi bar ve bir teras cafe de hizmet veriyor. U3 Neubaugasse istasyonuna çok yakın muhteşem bir süper market. Burada alışveriş keyfini doyasıya yaşayabilirsiniz. Viyana'nın uluslararası Schwechat Havaalanı şehir merkezinden 20 km uzaklıktadır. Şehir merkezine her 20 dakikada bir (05:00-23:30) kalkan otobüsle veya S-Bahn treniyle ulaşılabilir. Şehiriçi ulaşım metro, otobüs, tramvay ve S-Bahn'larla yapılabilir.
arihsel ve Kültürel Yapılar
Kafeler ve Ziyaret Edilebilecek Mekanlar
Pazarlar
Giyim Mağazaları
Ulaşım
Kardeş şehirler
Zagreb (Hırvatistan), 1994
Tel Aviv (İsrail), 2005
Belgrad (Sırbistan), 2003
Varşova (Polonya), 2001
Moskova (Rusya), 1991
Budapeşte (Macaristan), 1990
Bratislava (Slovakya), 1993
Vienna (Wien) is a unique blend of the historic and the modern, so full of tradition it can be read on the face of the city, yet with a forward-looking approach that will surprise the visitor. Vienna's role as the seat of the Hapsburg Empire for centuries can be seen in the wealth of architecture and in the city's artistic and musical heritage. Many of the world's most important composers, including Beethoven and Mozart, have lived and performed behind Vienna's Baroque façades. In addition to this Baroque splendour, there are excellent examples of the Art Nouveau (Jugendstil) architecture that also flourished here.
The fall of the Hapsburg Empire, at the end of World War I, allowed Vienna's socialist undercurrents to come to the fore during the 'Red Vienna' period, resulting in numerous social housing and other projects, which still play a role in the city. Vienna's occupation by the Nazis and subsequent partitioning by the four Allied powers tend to be forgotten, as the city instead focuses on its post-war neutrality and the glittering remnants of its Imperial glory. This seems to be reinforced by the image of older Viennese walking small dogs or eating cakes in cafés but it ignores the energy of Vienna's alternative and underground scenes, whose members react against the attachment to tradition in a way similar to their Secessionist counterparts a century before.
Vienna is divided into 23 Bezirke (districts). The original city that lay within the protective walls comprises the First District of modern Vienna. The demolition of the city walls led to the construction of the Ringstrasse and an impressive parade of buildings along its length. The majority of the tourist attractions lie on and within the Ringstrasse. Districts two to nine are arrayed between the Ringstrasse and the concentric Gürtel (Belt). The other districts lie beyond the Gürtel and extend into the foothills of the Wienerwald (Vienna Woods), where Heurigen (wine taverns) and pretty villages are dotted among the vineyards.
Vienna's climate is generally moderate, although the city can experience heavy snowfalls and low temperatures from December to March, as well as occasionally very high temperatures in July and August. Summer, however, is usually comfortable with an average daily temperature of 20°C, although heavy thundershowers are likely.
The city is not only the capital of Austria but also a federal province as well, surrounded by Niederösterreich (Lower Austria). Vienna's location on the east-west trade route along the River Danube played an important part in its history – an empire that once covered a large part of Europe was ruled from here. Even today, Vienna is the financial and administrative capital of Austria and home to a number of international organisations, including the United Nations. And with the fall of Communism, Vienna is once again at the centre of Europe.